EFFECTS OF SOURCE PROPERTIES ON CUTOFF FREQUENCY f_(max)

The cutoff frequency f_(max) of radiation from earthquakes is one of the important parameters for studying the source process. By theoretical analysis and numerical experiments on acceleration Fourier spectrum it is suggested that f_(max) mainly depends on the lower values of slip rise time. This result can be used to explain the observational fact that the greater the earthquake magnitude, the smaller the value of f_(max).     

Combined application of 2D NMR correlation methods and ab initio chemical shift calculations to the structure determination of new heterocyclic compounds

The combined use of 2D NMR correlation methods and ab initio chemical shift calculations is efficient and, in some cases, virtually the only way to determine the structures of new organic compounds. This approach enabled us to establish the structure of the major unusual product of the three-component reaction of imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-one, bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride, and potassium carbonate in DMF. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2172–2179, December, 2006. Dedicated to Professor A. V. Il’yasov on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Can the presence of chemically inert species modify the face selectivity in asymmetric induction by cyclodextrins?

Reduction of-cyclodextrin (-CD) aromatic ketone (acetophenone and acetonaphthones) inclusion compounds were carried out in the presence of a large number of chemically inert species as potential co-guests. In several cases, it was observed that stoichiometric molar ratios of these compounds to ketone significantly modify the chiral induction yielding the inverted alcohol enantiomer and increasing the face selectivity. The results were found to depend strongly on the respective structure and shape of both the ketone and the additive, and on the molar ratio of-CD:ketone:third compound. These observations suggest the formation of a three-component inclusion complex in which the geometry of binding of the substrate and its mobility are changed with respect to the binary system.     

Efficient combination of task-specific ionic liquid and microwave dielectric heating applied to one-pot three component synthesis of a small library of 4-thiazolidinones

The first report of the use of task-specific ionic liquid as synthetic equivalent of ionic liquid-phase matrice for the preparation of a small library of 4-thiazolidinones is reported in this paper. The starting (ethyleneglycol)ionic liquid-phase is functionalized in good yields with 4-(formylphenoxy)butyric acid by using usual esterification reaction conditions (DCC/DMAP as catalyst). The synthesis of the ionic liquid-phase bound 4-thiazolidinones was performed by a one-pot three-component condensation under microwave dielectric heating. The final cleavage under microwave/catalysis strategy provides the expected 4-thiazolidinones in high purity after flash-chromatography purification. According to the ionic liquid-phase organic synthesis (IoLiPOS) methodology, it was found that optimized reaction conditions were performed by standard analytical methods (NMR, TLC). The ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectrum of some representative 4-thiazolidinones and ionic liquid-phase bound benzaldehyde are also reported.     

An expeditious,solvent-free synthesis of some 5-aryl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

An efficient, rapid, microwave-accelerated one-step synthesis of some 5-aryl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles by reaction of salicylic hydrazide with carboxylic acids in the presence of thionyl chloride under neat conditions is described. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1264–1267, August, 2007.     

Inclusion of α-phenyl-N-p-methylphenyl Nitrone in β- Cyclodextrin: Formation of 1G : 1H and 1G : 2H Complexes and the Remarkably Fast 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of the 1G : 2H Complex with Olefins in the Solid State

The nitrone is found to be included in the -cyclodextrin cavity in two different stoichiometries viz., 1G : 1H and 1G : 2H – the existence of which is proved by physical methods. The 1G : 2H complex of the nitrone serves as a good potent dipolarophile in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with olefins resulting in rate acceleration and regioselection.     

Cluster Chemsitry. 96. Penta- and hexa-nuclear ruthenium cluster complexes derived from reactions of cyclopentadienes with Ru5(μ5-C2PPh2)(μ-PPh2)(CO)13

The reactions between Ru₅( ₅-C₂PPh₂)(gm-PPh₂(CO)₁₃ (1) and cyclopentadienes afforded the hexanuclear clusters Ru₆( ₆-C)( ₃-PPh₂)₂(CO)₁₀(-C₅ R ₅) [R ₅ = H₅ (2), H₄Me (3), Me₅ (4)] which contain an encapsulated carbide and a face-capping ₃-CH group, formed by cleavage of CC and CP bonds of the C₂PPh₂ moiety in1. In the reaction with cyclopentadiene, the unusual ligand C₁₃H₁₂O, formed by combination of C₂, CO and two molecules of C₅H₆ (or one molecule of dicyclopentadien), was characterized in the complex Ru₅( ₄-PPh) ( ₄-C₁₃H₁₂O)(-PPh₂(CO)₁₁(-C₅H₅) (5). In the reaction with pentamethylcyclopentadiene, the vinylidene complex Ru₅( ₃-CCHPh)( ₄-PPh)( ₄-PPh) (-PPh₂)(CO)₉(-C₅Me₅) (6) was also formed.     

ZnS:Er电致发光中SiO2与ZnS电子加速能力的比较

在分层优化结构和固态阴极射线发光中, 从电极注入的电子经电子加速层加速后获得更高能量成为过热电子, 过热电子碰撞激发发光中心引起发光, 其中SiO2 在提高过热电子的能量方面有非常重要的作用. ZnS作为电子加速层时, 也发现了固态阴极射线发光, 但其发光的亮度及稳定性都不及 SiO2作为电子加速层的器件. 通过比较 ZnS：Er在正弦交流电驱动下的正负半周内的亮度变化, 得出ZnS与SiO2的电子加速能力的相对大小. 实验结果表明： SiO2的电子加速能力是ZnS的2.18倍.     

Three-component cyclization of hydroxylamino-substituted quinoline with reactive methylene compounds and formaldehyde: new method for the synthesis of 7-(isoxazolidin-2-yl)-6-fluoroquinolones

A one-step procedure was developed for the synthesis of new 6-fluoro-7-(isoxazolidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolines. The procedure is based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the azomethine oxide and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, which are generated in situ from 6-fluoro-7-hydroxylamino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and CH-active compounds (dialkyl malonates, ethyl acetoacetate), respectively, in the presence of formaldehyde at 100—120 °C.     

Interpolymer complexes of a new type

A new type of three-component interpolymer complexes (3IPCM) formed by two similarly charged polyelectrolytes and an oppositely charged low molar mass compound was studied by DSC, NMR and X-ray methods. The low molar mass monobasic compounds in these complexes act as mediators. This type of complexes differs from earlier-obtained 3IPCM, which contained a dibasic low molar mass mediator.The present 3IPCM were obtained from two polymers (polyacrylic acid and sodium polyphosphate) and bases such as 4-vinylpyridine and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine.The authors express their acknowledgement to the Russian Science Foundation for sponsoring research projects 93-03-5650 and 93-03-18682.